Plants from this population, from a suspected glyphosateresistant gr. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. A suspected glyphosateresistant r junglerice population was collected from a glyphosater corn field near durham in northern california where glyphosate had been applied at least twice a year for over 6 yr. Both species are highly problematic weeds, responsible for yield losses of up to 50% in summer grain crops. Use of a single herbicide or the same group of herbicides for the control of echinochloa species in rice has led to the occurrence of a number of weed species belonging to the grass, broadleaf, and sedge family in different ecological regions throughout the nw igp.
The variations are quite continuous from lonum, which is the simplest form whereas e. Many echinochloa species are difficult to distinguish because they tend to intergrade. They are red purple at their base and can root at the lower nodes catindig et al. Echinochloa colona in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Echinochloa colona versus echinochloa colonum poaceae.
Johnson skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a. The cook islands biodiversity database contains detailed information, images, sound and video of over 4000 species from the cook islands. A major weed of rice volume 57 issue 3 bhagirath s. Echinochloa colona french polynesia marquesas islands hiva oa island introduced invasive lorence, david h.
The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 410176 with original publication details. The overreliance on the herbicide glyphosate for knockdown weed control in fallows under minimum and zerotill cropping systems has led to an increase in populations of glyphosateresistant weeds. Echinochloa colona is a annual growing to 1 m 3ft 3in. Hubb echinochloa subverticillata pilg echinochloa zonalis guss. Seed germination ecology of junglerice echinochloa colona. Request pdf on may 1, 2016, arslan masood peerzada and others published biology, impact, and management of echinochloa colona l. The website also provides access to a database and images of plants photos and herbarium specimens found at. The alabama plant atlas is a source of data for the distribution of plants within the state as well as taxonomic, conservation, invasive, and wetland information for each species. There are very long awned to completely unawned forms too. Some taxonomists treat the two taxa as one species, in. Its culms are glabrous, cylindrical, erect and decumbent.
The generic name is derived from the greek echinos, hedgehog, and chloa, grass, in reference to the spikelets in many species that are covered with hard bristles. Awnless barnyard grass echinochloa colona is a lowgrowing or semiupright plant up to 1 m tall with flower spikelets arranged in four irregular rows along the branches of its seedheads. Pdf ecobiology and management of echinochloa crusgalli. It is commonly known as cockspur or cockspur grass, barnyard millet, japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply barnyard grass which may refer to any species of echinochloa or the genus as a whole however. Echinochloa colona, poaceae, weed, medicinal potential. Data source and references for echinochloa colona jungle rice from the usda plants database. Link article in crop protection 83 may 2016 with 1,401 reads how we measure reads. Echinochloa colona forma zonalis echinochloa colona linnaeus link, forma zonalis gussone wiegand, rhodora 23. Echinochloa definition of echinochloa by the free dictionary. Pdf on sep 1, 2015, ali ahsan bajwa and others published ecobiology and management of echinochloa crusgalli find, read and cite all the research you. Jungle rice grows most commonly at low altitudes but can be found at up to 2000 m and in areas where annual rainfall is ranging from 400 mm to about 1200 mm fao, 2011.
Junglerice is found in the central valley, san francisco bay region, western south coast ranges, southern sierra nevada foothills, southwestern region, and sonoran desert to. Addressing resource conservation issues in ricewheat systems of south asia. The specific epithet comes from the latin colonus, farmer. Different options are discussed in relation with ecobiology of this noxious weed. Echinochloa colona an overview sciencedirect topics. An echinochloa colona in nahilalakip ha genus nga echinochloa, ngan familia nga poaceae. Echinochloa colona is one of the most problematic weeds across worldwide. It flowers throughout the year and can produce seeds within 60 days. Research gaps have been highlighted in the biology, interference and management. In india four species of echinochloa is recorded i. Echinochloa colona forma vivipara echinochloa colona linnaeus link, forma vivipara beetle, phytologia 48. Link, is a hexaploid or tetraploid species yabuno, 1962, predominantly autogamous, which reproduces primarily through seeds but is able to reproduce through nodes masood.
It is commonly known as cockspur or cockspur grass, barnyard millet, japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply barnyard grass which may refer to any species of echinochloa or the. The plant list includes a further 140 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus echinochloa. Echinochloa crusgalli is an asian species that is now widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate regions of the world usdaars, 2014. Echinochloa colona french polynesia marquesas islands fatu hiva island national tropical botanical garden u. Echinochloa colona is a terrestrial, tufted and erect grass commonly known as jungle rice in india5. Based on the amount of glyphosate required to reduce growth by 50% ed 50, the r population was 6. Echinochloa colona frumentacea link ridl echinochloa crusgalli edulis hitchc echinochloa crusgalli edulis honda. It is in flower from july to september, and the seeds ripen from august to october. Barnyard and billion dollar grasses, barnyard millets eesti. Echinochloa is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe paniceae.
This page was last edited on 3 september 2017, at 08. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by wind. Michael honorary research associate, national herbarium of new south wales, royal botanic gardens, sydney, australia 2000. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. Echinochloa colona is a fast growing summer grass but does not tolerate drought. Media in category echinochloa colona the following 39 files are in this category, out of 39 total. Panicum frumentaceum roxburgh 1820, non salisbury 1796. Home profile page data source and documentation for echinochloa colona l. It was formerly classified as a species of panicum. Awnless barnyard grass echinochloa colona is a common weed of crops, gardens, roadsides, disturbed sites and waste areas in the region. These are primarily included because names of species rank. Excellent book, covering over 1,500 species of useful plants from nepal together with information on the geography and peoples. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Factors effecting germination, emergence and establishment.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. It is an annual c 4 summer grass, native to tropical and subtropical asia, emerged as a serious and persistent threat in 35 cropping systems in more than 60 countries. The success of echinochloa species as weeds is attributed to their rapid growth, prolific seed production, seed dormancy and adaptability to a. This species is ranked among the top 200 environmental weeds in southeastern queensland. Echinochloa colona is a widespread native has a narrow, hanging inflorescence flowerhead with spikelets in regular rows and grain is whitish. Echinochloa crusgalli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It also grows along waterways, on the margins of lakes and ponds, in swamps and wetlands, and in other damp habitats.
Johnson skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. It causes substantial yield losses in different field crops, especially rice. Echinochloa species are usually reported as noxious weeds in several economically important crops around the world bajwa et al. A comparative study on effect of environmental factors on germination, emergence and establishment of echinochloa colonum and e.
Resistance to glyphosate in junglerice echinochloa colona. Biology and management of echinochloa colona and e. Echinochloa is a cosmopolitan genus belonging to subfamily panicoideae of the family poaceae comprised of 20 to 25 species6. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Echinochloa colona flowers throughout the year and is propagated by seeds. Alternative options to glyphosate for control of large. Echinochloa is a tropical to warmtemperate genus of 4050 species that are usually associated with wet or damp places. It can be present in large numbers and responsive to nutrients. Link is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus echinochloa family poaceae. Link is an annual rarely perennial grass, 30100 cm high. Ecobiology and management of echinochloa crusgalli. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Link accepted name corn panicgrass plantae tracheophyta liliopsida poales poaceae echinochloa echinochloa colona l. Multiple resistant echinochloa colona from united states.
Echinochloa colona and chloris virgata are two major grass weeds in the cropping regions of northern new south wales and southern queensland, australia, that have become harder to kill due to a. Junglerice is found in the central valley, san francisco bay region, western south coast ranges, southern sierra nevada foothills, southwestern region, and sonoran desert to about 300 feet 100 m. There are 17 species of echinochloa in australia, of these 8 are weeds. Center for field biology miscellaneous publication no. Echinochloa annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions genus echinochloa liliopsid genus, monocot genus genus of flowering plants. Echinochloa colona, commonly known as jungle rice, deccan grass, or awnless barnyard grass, is a type of wild grass originating from tropical asia. Biology, impact, and management of echinochloa colona l. All of the native species seem to have narrower leaves. Prefers moist but unflooded conditions and is a problem mainly in upland. Echinochloa colona is a widespread, weedy species, distinguished by its short, neat, usually rather openly spaced racemes of rounded, awnless spikelets.
Biology of rice leafhopper, nephotettix bipunctatus f. Data source and references for echinochloa colona jungle. Echinochloa colona is an annual weed affecting field crops and orchards in california. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. If it takes too long to load the home page, tap on the button below. It is green to purple, tufted and shortly stoloniferous.
999 1172 693 132 1173 875 1088 168 1133 723 222 808 293 1015 737 861 1488 870 1116 1479 1366 437 941 1429 155 1381 709 644 540 161 982 542 1386 1137 1370 1276 395 905 184 245 1131